Zinc sulfate heptahydrate

Catalog Number	ACM7446200-2
CAS Number	7446-20-0
Structure
Molecular Weight	287.56
Molecular Formula	ZnSO4·7H2O

Case Study

Effect of Electrolyte ZnSO₄·7H₂O Concentration on Zinc Electrodeposition Process

Basak, P. S. (2021). IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 14(9), 10-15.

The galvanization process using acidic zinc sulfate heptahydrate electrolyte with different zinc contents and current densities was studied. The electroplating process used electrolytes with varying zinc concentrations, prepared by dissolving different amounts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O). Table 1 provides detailed information on the composition of the electrolytes used for zinc plating.
The figure shows the variation of coating thickness (δ) with current density (CD). The dependence of δ on CD indicates that, for all electrolyte compositions, the coating thickness increases with increasing current density. As shown in Figure 1, the increase in δ does not follow the same pattern with increasing CD, especially at higher CD values. When the CD approaches or exceeds 0.3 A/cm², the rate of increase in δ slows down. The figure also shows that for a specific CD value, δ increases with the Zn concentration in the electrolyte.

Effect of ZnSO₄·7H₂O Concentration on Zn-Ni-Cu Electrodeposition

Kumaraguru, Swaminatha P., Prabhu Ganesan, and Branko N. Popov. "Development of a Plating Process for Deposition of Zn-Ni-X (X= Cu, Cd, P) Alloys as a Replacement for Cadmium Coatings."

A new plating process for Zn-Ni-Cu electrodeposition was developed. The effect of ZnSO₄·7H₂O concentration on the Zn-Ni-Cu electrodeposition process was studied.
Effect of ZnSO₄·7H₂O Concentration
The concentration of electroactive substances in the bath plays a crucial role in determining the alloy composition due to the dynamics of the deposition process. The figure shows how the alloy composition changes with varying ZnSO₄·7H₂O concentration in the bath. The deposits were made from a solution containing 60 g/L NiSO₄·6H₂O and 1 g/L CuSO₄ at pH 9.0, with a voltage of -1.3 V (relative to SCE). It was observed that the zinc content in the deposits increased with the increase in ZnSO₄·7H₂O concentration in the bath, while the copper and nickel contents decreased. The increase in zinc content shifted the corrosion potential to more negative values, leading to a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the coating. According to the study, the optimal Zn:Ni ratio in the deposit was obtained when the concentration of ZnSO₄·7H₂O in the bath was 30 g/L. When the CuSO₄ concentration in the bath was 1 g/L, the zinc content in the deposit increased significantly with the rise in ZnSO₄ concentration in the bath. However, when the CuSO₄ concentration in the deposit was 4 g/L (not shown in the figure), increasing ZnSO₄ concentration in the solution did not cause significant changes in the deposit composition. It was found that copper dominated the alloy composition. Therefore, the concentration of CuSO₄ must be kept below 1 g/L.

Electrodeposition of MoS₂-Zn Composite Coatings Using ZnSO₄·7H₂O Electrolyte

Zhai, Xiaofan, et al. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 102 (2024): 106749.

Electrodeposition of pure Zn coatings and MoS₂-Zn composite coatings was performed using an electrochemical workstation, with a carbon steel plate as the working electrode, a pure Zn plate (50×20×5mm) as the counter electrode, and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as the reference electrode. Prior to electrodeposition, the carbon steel plate was polished with different grades of graphite paper, sonicated in ethanol for 10 minutes, and then restored in 1M HCl solution. The basic composition of the zinc sulfate electrolyte is shown in Table 1. The electrodeposition current density was set at 20 mA/cm². During the electrodeposition process, the electrolyte bath was stirred at 600 rpm to keep MoS₂ in suspension. At the same time, ultrasonic waves (30 W power, ton=toff=15 s) were introduced into the bath to promote the dispersion of the coating and improve the coating quality. The plating time was set at 1800 seconds. After plating, the samples were cleaned with deionized water and dried with nitrogen. Four types of composite coatings were prepared: (1) ZB: pure zinc electroplating; (2) ZS: electroplating with SDS added to the electrolyte; (3) ZM: electroplating with MoS₂ added to the electrolyte; (4) ZMS: electroplating with both MoS₂ and SDS added to the electrolyte.

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