Fluoroboric acid 50%

Catalog Number	ACEP16872110
CAS Number	16872-11-0
Structure
Molecular Formula	HBF4
Concentration	50%

Case Study

Deposition of Silver Nanosponges from Electrolytes Based on AgNO₃ and HBF₄

Lytvynenko, Anton S., et al. Applied Surface Science 579 (2022): 152131.

Silver nanosponges were formed on a silver surface via electrodeposition from an acidic aqueous electrolyte (AgNO₃ + HBF₄) under high current density. The nanosponges consist of irregularly shaped silver wires (average width: 100-450 nm) arranged in walls surrounding voids (average diameter: 7-40 µm).
Deposition of Silver Nanosponges
The basic deposition procedure was as follows:
34 mg (2 × 10⁻⁴ moles) of AgNO₃ was dissolved in a mixture of 7.5 mL of 48% HBF₄ and 12.5 mL of double-distilled water, resulting in an aqueous solution containing 0.01 M Ag⁺ and approximately 2 M HBF₄.
The silver surface was thoroughly polished with alumina polishing powder, rinsed with water and isopropanol, and dried before deposition to remove surface oxides and prepare a reproducible initial surface.
The working electrode (prepared silver substrate as the cathode) and counter electrode (glassy carbon plate as the anode) were immersed in the electrolyte. Electrodeposition was performed for 60 seconds at a current density of 3 A/cm² in constant-current mode. For a 7 mm disk, the electrode surfaces were aligned vertically with a 1.5 cm gap between them. The current density was maintained using an EA-PS 2084-10 B power supply.
For 2 mm substrates, the electrodes were immersed at an angle of approximately 45° relative to the electrolyte surface to ensure proper hydrogen gas release. The silver substrates with the deposited coating were thoroughly washed with isopropanol and dried in air.
The electrolyte was discarded after each deposition. For subsequent deposition from solutions of the same composition, a fresh batch of electrolyte was used.

Study on the Corrosion Mechanism of Nickel-Chromium Coatings in Aqueous HBF₄ Solution

Razaghi, Zhina, Milad Rezaei, and Seyed Hadi Tabaian. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 859 (2020): 113838.

This paper investigates the corrosion mechanism of nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) coatings in aqueous HBF₄ solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise (EN) analysis.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Experiment
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed using a frequency response analyzer (FRA) coupled with a potentiostat/galvanostat. The electrodeposited Ni-Cr coating with a circular exposed surface of 10 mm in diameter was used as the working electrode. A platinum plate measuring 20 mm × 20 mm and an Ag|AgCl electrode in saturated KCl solution served as the counter electrode and reference electrode, respectively.
Prior to the corrosion test, the sample was immersed in 0.5 M HBF₄ for 2 hours to achieve a relatively stable corrosion rate. EIS measurements were conducted at open-circuit potential (OCP) with an applied AC signal in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz and an amplitude of 10 mV.
Electrochemical Noise (EN) Experiment
The electrochemical noise (EN) experiment was carried out using a potentiometer/current meter. The electrochemical cell was placed inside a Faraday cage composed of fine aluminum and copper meshes to eliminate electrical noise from the environment and other equipment.
Two Ni-Cr coated electrodes prepared under identical electrodeposition conditions were coupled as working electrodes, with an Ag|AgCl electrode serving as the reference electrode in 0.5 M HBF₄ electrolyte. Each working electrode had a circular exposed surface with a diameter of 10 mm. The electrodes were positioned vertically opposite each other, separated by a distance of approximately 10 mm.

Study on the Cycling Performance of Soluble Lead Flow Batteries Using Pb(CH₃SO₃)₂ and CH₃SO₃H/HBF₄ Mixed Acid Electrolytes

Liu, Zheng, et al. Journal of Energy Storage 53 (2022): 105221.

The cycling performance of soluble lead flow batteries was investigated in the temperature range of -40 °C to 50 °C using Pb(CH₃SO₃)₂ and CH₃SO₃H/HBF₄ mixed acid electrolytes.
LMS solution was prepared using deionized water (<1 μS·cm⁻¹), MSA (99.9 wt%), and excess lead(II) oxide (99 wt%). After filtration, the solution was evaporated using a rotary evaporator to produce LMS and vacuum-dried at 60 °C for 24 hours. The electrolyte was formulated with LMS, MSA, and FA (40 wt% aqueous HBF₄ solution) at concentrations of 1.0 M LMS, 0-2.0 M MSA, and 0-2.0 M FA, denoted as LMS_1.0MMSA_0-2.0MFA_0-2.0M.
The figure shows the coulombic efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE), and energy efficiency (EE) of the flow battery after 60 cycles in four solutions across the temperature range of -40 °C to 50 °C. The charge/discharge current density was 10 mA cm⁻².
The CE of the flow battery varied significantly across the four solutions (Figure (a)). At -20 °C, the CE of the LMS_1.0MMSA_0.8MFA_1.2M solution reached 93.2%, higher than at other temperatures. For the other three solutions, the batteries demonstrated good cycling performance at low temperatures but deteriorated as the temperature increased. From -40 °C to 50 °C, the CE of the battery in the LMS_1.0MMSA_0.2MFA_1.8M solution decreased from 94.3% to 83.1%; in the LMS_1.0MMSA_0.4MFA_1.6M solution, it dropped from 95.1% to 86.6%; and in the LMS_1.0MMSA_0.6MFA_1.4M solution, it declined from 95.7% to 85.5%.
Within the range of -10 °C to 50 °C, the CE of the battery in the LMS_1.0MMSA_0.8MFA_1.2M solution was the highest. At higher temperatures, increasing the MSA concentration improved battery efficiency.
The VE of the batteries in all solutions increased with rising temperature (Figure (b)). While CE decreased with increasing temperature, VE showed an opposite trend. Since EE = CE × VE, the EE of the batteries in the four solutions exhibited different trends with temperature, as shown in Figure (c).

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