Chromium(III) chloride solution 50%

Catalog Number	ACEP10025737
CAS Number	10025-73-7
Structure
Molecular Formula	CrCl3
Concentration	50%

Case Study

Effect of Electrolyte Concentration (FeCl₂ + CrCl₃ + HCl) on the Electrochemical Performance of Iron-Chromium Flow Batteries

Wang, Shaoliang, et al. Applied energy 271 (2020): 115252.

To enhance the electrochemical performance of iron-chromium flow batteries, a series of electrolytes were prepared: x M FeCl₂ + x M CrCl₃ + 3.0 M HCl (x = 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25) and 1.0 M FeCl₂ + 1.0 M CrCl₃ + y M HCl (y = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0). The influence of electrolyte concentration on the electrochemical performance of iron-chromium flow batteries was investigated for the first time.
The viscosity of the electrolyte increased with rising concentrations of FeCl₂, CrCl₃, and HCl, while the corresponding conductivity decreased with increasing FeCl₂ and CrCl₃ concentrations but increased with rising HCl concentration. Notably, due to the synergistic effects of viscosity, conductivity, and electrochemical activity, the electrolyte containing 1.0 M FeCl₂, 1.0 M CrCl₃, and 3.0 M HCl exhibited the best electrochemical performance.
Most importantly, the iron-chromium flow battery with the optimized electrolyte demonstrated excellent efficiency at a high current density of 120 mA cm⁻², achieving a Coulombic efficiency of 97.4% and an energy efficiency of 81.5%.

LiCl-CrCl₃ Electrolyte for Flexible Aqueous Cr-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

Sun, B., Wang, N., Xie, X., Zhong, L., He, L., Xiang, M., ... & Hu, W. (2024). Angewandte Chemie International Edition, e202408569.

Due to the abundant Cr deposits on Earth, its exceptionally high theoretical capacity (1546 mAh g⁻¹), and accessible redox potential (-0.74 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), the design of Cr anodes has naturally become a focal point of research. This work introduces a groundbreaking design of a flexible Cr-ion hybrid supercapacitor (CHSC) based on a porous graphitized carbon fabric (PGCF) substrate, prepared through K₂FeO₄ activation.
In the CHSC device, PGCF serves as both the current collector and cathode material due to its high specific surface area and excellent conductivity. A high-concentration LiCl-CrCl₃ electrolyte is employed, offering high chromium plating/stripping efficiency and outstanding antifreeze performance. This enables the PGCF-based CHSC to achieve balanced performance in terms of energy density (up to 1.47 mWh cm⁻²), power characteristics (reaching 9.95 mW cm⁻²), and durability (with a capacity retention rate of 95.4% after 30,000 cycles). Furthermore, the device demonstrates reliable operation under harsh conditions at -40°C.

Preparation of Nanocrystalline Fe-Cr Alloys in ChCl-EG DES and Chromium Chloride

Wang, Zhiwei, et al. Surface and Coatings Technology 406 (2021): 126636.

Nanocrystalline Fe-Cr alloy coatings were prepared via electrodeposition in choline chloride-ethylene glycol (ChCl-EG) deep eutectic solvent (DES) without any additives. The process was conducted by varying the cell voltage (2.4-2.8 V) and temperature (333-353 K).
In this study, choline chloride (ChCl, 98%) and ethylene glycol (EG, 98%) were dried in a vacuum oven at 343 K for 48 hours prior to use. Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl₂·4H₂O, 99%) and chromium chloride hexahydrate (CrCl₃·6H₂O, 98%) were used as received. High-purity chromium sheets (Cr, >99.99%) and brass sheets (Ms, >99.99%) were polished with sandpaper of different grades (400, 800, 1200, and 2000) to enhance the interaction with the DES.
An increased molar ratio of polyol to ChCl resulted in a decrease in the viscosity of the DES. Based on preliminary experimental exploration, ChCl and EG were mixed in a molar ratio of 1:3 in a glove box to prepare ChCl-EG DES, which was used as the electrolyte. A certain amount of CrCl₃·6H₂O and FeCl₂·4H₂O, each at a concentration of 0.3 mol·L⁻¹, was added separately into three bottles of ChCl-EG DES. The mixtures were stirred to form three homogeneous solutions, which were then stored in three sealed glass bottles.

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